Which case established the requirement to inform suspects of their rights prior to custodial interrogation?

Which case established the requirement to inform suspects of their rights prior to custodial interrogation?

• A. Gideon v. Wainwright
• B. Cooley v. Board of Wardens
• C. Gibbons v. Ogden
• D. Miranda v. Arizona

Answer: (D)

Miranda rights establish what police must tell a suspect before questioning when the person is in custody. In Miranda v. Arizona, the Supreme Court held that during custodial interrogation, officers must warn the suspect of the right to remain silent, that anything said can be used against them, and the right to consult with an attorney (with counsel provided if they cannot afford one). These warnings protect the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination and the Sixth Amendment right to counsel. If the warnings aren’t given, statements obtained during custodial interrogation may be excluded as evidence. This requirement specifically applies to custodial interrogations, not all police questioning. The other cases cited don’t establish this pre-interrogation warning rule: Gideon v. Wainwright deals with the right to counsel at trial, while Cooley v. Board of Wardens and Gibbons v. Ogden address issues of federalism and commerce.

Miranda rights establish what police must tell a suspect before questioning when the person is in custody. In Miranda v. Arizona, the Supreme Court held that during custodial interrogation, officers must warn the suspect of the right to remain silent, that anything said can be used against them, and the right to consult with an attorney (with counsel provided if they cannot afford one). These warnings protect the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination and the Sixth Amendment right to counsel. If the warnings aren’t given, statements obtained during custodial interrogation may be excluded as evidence. This requirement specifically applies to custodial interrogations, not all police questioning. The other cases cited don’t establish this pre-interrogation warning rule: Gideon v. Wainwright deals with the right to counsel at trial, while Cooley v. Board of Wardens and Gibbons v. Ogden address issues of federalism and commerce.